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A Guide for Travellers.

Wlth a Plan of Copenhagen and Its En vi ro ns.

Translated from the 4th Danisli Original.

Copenhagen. P. G. Philipsen. U«lbropla

London. A. Asker & Couip. 1J Bedford-Slreel, Coieol-Sirde«, W.C.

18 U8.

Printed by Bi an c o Luno (F. S. Mnhle.)

< & S | 5

Co n t e ii t s.

Page Copenhagen (Site and Population)..................... 1. Streets, Squares, Bridges &c................................ 4. Public Buddings.................................................. 7. Churches and Clmrcbyards.............. 8. Royal Palaces.............................., .......................16. Government and Municipal Buildings................. 21. Scientifie Institutions . . . . .............. 27. Public Libraries and Reading Rooms.................35. Military and Naval Establishments.......................39. Scientifie Societies and S chools..........................44. Hospitals ................................................................52. Bathing Establishments.........................................57. Charitable Institutions........................................... 58. Academy of Arts; Harmonic Society &c.............. 64. Commerce and Industry.........................................67. Booksellers............................................................. 74. Public Collections and Museums..........................76. Hotels, Inns, Restaurations, Cafés &c...................82. Theatres and Places of Public Amusements . . 85.

l’age Public Walks in Copenbagen.......................... 93. Excursions from Copenbagen.......................... 90. Droschker (Cabs), Omnibuses, Tramwaggons . 114. Tariff of Droschker &c..........................................115. Steamers ............................................................. 117. Railway Trains. Tariffs......................................120. Post Office for Letters and Parcels....................124. A List of the different Public Collections, with the Days and Hours on which they are to be seen ...........................................................125.

Copenk agen.

The Capital of Denmark lies unclcr the 55° 42' N. Lat. and the 12° 34" E. Long. aboul 500 miles norlh east of London. The city ilself is about 5 miles in circumference and built partly on the eastern eoast of Sealand, partly on the little Island of Amager; the channel vvhicli Ihus bisects it, conneeling the Oresund with the Kallebodslrand, all'ords such facilities lo shipping and, consequently, to commcrcc, that this in addition lo the roadstead has from the earliesl hislorical times won for the plaee the title of the «Haven» ; later, as the town grew, the mer- chant’s haven — Kaupmannahofn — , ehanged by our modern jargon into Copenhagen. Until a fevv years ago the city vvas surrounded with ramparls and moats and fortified with ba­ stions and oulvvorks; but these are now passing away and giving admiltance lo fresh air and heallh; and in a fcvv years the forti-

flcalions to landward of Copcnhagon will bo nurubered Avith Ihe tbings thai have been. The events of the last few years liave convinced the most slubbom consorvalive of llie ulter inefi- cacy of regular forliflcalions lo proteel a city from destruction when besieged from Ihe land­ side; and the ramparts of Copenhagen can only claim altention when looked upon in a pictu- resque point of view. To ils seaporls and bat­ tenes alone has the capilal of Denmark in future to look for its defenee. Thai quarter of Ihe city, whieh is built on Amager is called Chr i s t i an s havn , and iscon- nected willi Copenhagen «proper», as we may call il in more senses than one, by two bridges, neither remarkable for strength or beauty. According to the last census the popula­ tion of Copenhagen was 155,143, whereof 74,247 were males and 80,896 females. In the five years immediately prececding the census the incrcase of population has been 11,552. This inerease being mostly in the suburbs, wliere within Ihe last few years houses and slreets and buddings cnummerable of every coneeiveable shape have sprung up, and although the crisis of 1857 checked a while the musli- room - like growth the incrcasing rent of dwcllings in the city and the influx of offi­ cials and their families from the Duchies have

given a fresli impulsc lo building speculalions. According lo llie census above quoled 150,119 of Ihc populalion belong lo llie ÉStablished Chureh professing the Luthéfan creed; 594 are of llie Reformed Chureh of Calvin; 749 are Roman Calholics; 189 Baptists; 390 Mormons, and 2,858 are Jevvs. The rest belong to other different secis. At Ihc present moment the population of Copenhagen can be eomputed lo amount to about 180,000 Individuals. Great improvements have taken place in Copenhagen wilhin llie last few years. The old oil lamps have given place to gas; the waler, which was impure and unwholesome, is now supplied in abundanee by water works of great excellence. The Rre brigade is established on llie most modern principles witli stations and telcgraphic communication. The new police may be truly said to be in every respect equal lo ils work; and, lasi bul nol least, llie pavement, which afforded sueh wellfounded causc of complaint is logelher wilh the sewerage, steadly progres- sing towards perfeetion. But to effeet these reforms immensc ex- penditure of public funds has been required, and the taxes are in consequerice ralher heavy, especially so when compared wilh llie old or­ der of Ihings in the metropolis.

Streets, Squares, Bridges &c. \ The city wilh ils suburbs is divided inlo four- teen Distriots called «Quarters». Whitin Ihe ram- parts (hero ure 224 streets of wliich Christians­ havn and Ihe Nyboder (Ncwboolhs) logether com- prise 45; there are moreover seventeen Squares andMarketplaces, and the number of houses within and beyond the rainparts are computcd lo be about 5,300 in all. The city had formerly four gates: the Eeastern, the Western, the Nor­ thern and the Southern or Amager Gate. Thesc were clearcd away in 1858 — 5 2 , and wide gaps in Ihe ramparts denole wliere they once stood. Besidcs these lour approaches there is another for pedestrains over the northern ram­ parts Crossing the moal by a bridge nol far from the magnificicnt new Municipal Hospital that is do juslly adinircd by all. Beginning at the north-eastern part of the city the principal streets are Br edgade orNor- g e s g a d e ( B r o a d S t.), from the Es pl anade or Gr ( i nni ngen (Green), as it idso is ealled, lo Kongen s Ny torv (The King’s New Mark et), eiglit hundred yards in length; Amaliegade running paralel wilh Bredgade, divided by the fine Place of Amajieborg, Ihe Bedsidcncc of the Royal family, Ostergade (East St.) a narrow, crow- ded thoroughfare, in which the most fashionable j

shops display llieir luxuries, running from Kon­ gens Nylorv to Amagertorv, and Vimmelskaftet that winds its way past the church of Iloly- Spirit (Helliggeistes Kirke) from Amagertorv to Gammeltorv, from whicli Fredcriksherggade slret- ehes to fhe cily’s Western-port. From the Northern ramparls Go t h c r s g a d e (Gothic St.), 800 yards long, runs to Kongens Nytorv, where il joins Store Kong e n s g ad e (Great King SI.) which, running paralel with Rredgadc and Amaliegade, conducts to Nyboder and the Eastern port. To reach the Norllicrn part of the city from Amagertorv, we go up St or e Kjob mager gade past the famous Round Tower ' up Li tt l e Kj ohm a g e r gade , across the Kultorvet or Charcoal Market and up Frederi ksborgga. de. The principal public Squares and open Places arc: Ama l i e bo r g or Frede ri ks p l a d s , an octagon formed by the Royal palaccs, in the ecn- Lre of which tbc equestrian Statue of Frederik the V is reared; St. Annæ Place, or Ga r n i s o n s ­ p l a d s e n (Garri s on Place) where thore is a pleasant promenade greatly patroniscd by nursery maids and children of all ages, presided over by the bronze statue of Denmark’s most famous poet Øc h l e n s c h l æg e r , seated in calin dignity in a eomfortable armchair; and frowned upon by fhe ugliest of churehes — that of the Garrison.

Bohind Ihc grcat Tragcdian’s back, at the far­ ther end of Ihe place slrelehes a pier, from which most of the coasting steamers start. But the flrst and largest Square in Ihe metropolis is Kjong e n s Ny l o r v (Th e Ki n g sNewMarke t ) . This may indeed he regarded as one of the handsomest places in Europe, allhough neither the Theatre nor Ihc Ho v e dv a g t e n (Tli c Mai n- gua r d - hous e ) can he considered as emhellish- ments, vvhile the equestrian slaluc ereeted to immortalize King Christian the V is certainly neither imposant nor ornamental, bul serves perhaps lo render oven more grateful lo Ihc eye the fresh green lavvn and pretty flovvers which surround it. Amager l orv and Høibr op 1ad s are marketplaces for the sale of vegetables, fruil and fish; Gammel t orv og Nyt orv (The Old and New Market) are for the sale of poul- tryeggs, farmproduee and butehermeat. In the midde of the marketplace is a fountain which is allowed lo spring on festiveoccasions, playingwilh golden halls to the grcat delighi of all children and many age-dimmed eye. On the West side of this marketplace is the Town-IIall. From this last named marketplace a few steps up Nørregade (Norlh St.) lead us lo Fruepi ads (The PI a c e of o ur Lady), where the University with ils chasle facade stands; Fruekirke (the church of our Lady) with its famous fronlispicce and the

lnisls of J. F. S c li o uw and Wc y s c demand our attenliou. Kul t orve t (The ma r k c t p l a c e for cha r c oa l and peat), lies near the Northernport; Graabrødret orv, Gr e yFr e ar ’s Pl ace, fora lime called Ulfeldtsplace, on account of a monu­ ment of infamy ereeled tlicre to Ihe memory of lllfeldl, is a markel now for butchcrraeat. But the eliief meat markel is Nieolaylorv, as the place is called, wliere Nicolay watch-lower stands. Crossing Ihe canal at lldihroplace hy a wret- ched bridge we find ourselves on S l o t s h o l m (The Cas t l e - holm). On this little Island, con- neclcd wilh the rest of Ihe city by live brigdes over the canal that surrounds it, stand the Bank, the Ex c h a n g e , the Mi ni s t e r i al Of f i c c s , Ihe Pal ace of Ch r i s t i a n s bo r g wilh Ihe Pal ac e Ch ure li and, last hul not least, Th o r v a l d s e n s Mu s e um, witli ils in- valuable treasures. In front of the palace two well kept grassy lawns alTord refreshment lo Ihe cye. The bridges are l l o l me n s b r o from Slørrc- slræde over Ilolmenscanal to Slotsplace; Storm- bro, Marmor bro and Pr i nd s e n s br c from Christiansborg palace yard over Slolsholm Canal. Kn i p pe 1s b ro and Lan g e b ro we have adready mentioned as uniting Copenhagen proper wilh Christianshavn and, in Christianshavn, Bør tie - h u s b r o e n , Snor reb ro and Wi l dersbro.

The town has of late been very much impro- ved by filling up and budding on Ihe old Naval arsenal called Gamme l holm ( Ol d - h o l m) and where now many fine sireels and magni- flcient buildings have been creeted, sueli as thc St udc nt ’s Club, Mr. Gron’s Wa reb o us e and above ail theNati o n al Bank now underbuilding. We may also mention a slructure inlended for a Ha zar and NVintergar d e n , building under the superintendancc and on Ihe account of Cap­ tain Ri i se. — Ry Ihe filling up of Ihe old canal a eonsiderable extenl of ground has been gained and this has been planted with trecs and shrubs, so that Ihere is every prospect that this quartcr of thc town will, on account of ils airy and very attractive situation and ollier advantageous circumstances connecled with it, very soon become most flourishing. Cliuiclies and Cliurchyards. Fruekirke, Cliurch of our Lady, siluatcd immediately in front of the University, is onc of the principal churches of the Capital. Aftør being several times burnt down, thc last lime in 1807, whcn ils superb spire was levelled by thc shells of the Iinglish, il has been re- buill in a Grecian - Latin style by thc State-

Architcct Mr. Hansen. As it now stands il can by far not bc compared with thc old struc- ture cilber in grandure or in beauly; but it is of imposing dimensions that iinpress tlic mind Willi solemnity and contains works of art of as greater beauly as any that are posscsed by any sacred budding in Europe. These wc owe to Th o r v ad s e n , many of whose immortal masterpieces wc find liere. An idea of thc treasures contained wilhin is imparted by the group in terra-cotta in the pediment of the frontispiece, representing John the b a p t i s t pre achi ng in thc w i l d e r n e s s , and by the equally beautiful basrelief in marblc of Cli r i s t’s en t r anc e in to Je r us al em. On either side of the Portico is a colossal figure in bronze, on llie one band Mo s e s on thc other Davi d, the works of Bi s s e n and Jeri chau. Imme- dialely on entering thc church we are struek at the sight of the inarble - figure of the S a - vi our that from above the altar stretehes out his wounded hånds to weleome us. On either side of the body of the church stand the twelve Apo s t l e s , noble marblc-figurcs, each a poem ilself, while in the middle of thc choir kneeling in front of the allar, an Angel offers the water of baptism in a font of polished inarble, shapcd like a muscle-shel. The two great basrelief in the background

of the church represent Our Savi our on his Way to Gol got ha, and on eaeli side over the entrance lo the clioir is a basrelief, the one of tliese representingourLord’sB ap tism , the other porlraving the Last Supper. — In 1861 the church underwent a Ihorough repair and was furnished with a warraing- apparat. St. Petrikirke, St. Peters Church, is nca- ly opposite the cliureh of our Lady. It is huilt in a bastard Gothic style with a spire 248 feel high and originally it was the parish church of the village of Serritzlcv before that parish was incorporated in Copcnhagen. It is the Church of German Lulherans and German alone is preached in il. In the chapel are two monuments sculptured by Wiedewelt. Triiiitatiskirkc, Church of the Trivity, or, as it is oflen called, the Kolind Church, stands at the top of Kjøbrnagergade and was huilt by Christian IV and is remarkable for ils great size and for the peculiar style and ricli- ness of ils decorations, espeeially the ornamental carvings in oak on the Altar and Pulpil. Whal is more remarkable is, however, the round tower of the church, said to be the only slructure of its kind in Europc, and built from the plan of Tycho Br ahe ’ s favourite dis­ ciple, Chr i s t ophe r Lo n g omo n t a nu s . It is ascended by a broad spiral inelined plane

wliieh resis on a walled hollow cylinder. — When Pet er Ihe Great visited Copenhagen in 171 G, he drove wilh liis Empercss Calliarine up lo the lop of Ihe lower in a carriage and four; hut whelher or no he drowe down again history says not. The enlrance lo Ihe Univer- sily-library was forrnerly in this lower, Ihe li­ brary ilself being in a room over the body of Ihe chureh. The Obscrvatory was also on the summit of Ihe lower, but has now found a more appropriate place. The round lower and the Tri ni ty chureh ilself have l.itely under- gone a thorough repair. Above the enlrance to Ihe lower are two tablets Willi Latin inscrip- lions, aceording lo wliieh the foundalion- slone was laid Ihe 7Ih of July 1639. Ilelliggcisteskirke, Cliurcli of the lloly- Gliost in Vimmelskaftet has a more modern appearance than Ihe Trinity chureh, being rebuilt in the Ilenaissance slyle after being burnt to the ground in Ihe grcat fire in 1728. The great attraetion to this chureh is the fine painting of Adam Muller: Luther bef or o the Diet al Worms. In the great gravechapel are some monuments over Noblemen and Burgers of nole, and Ihe ehurchyard is surrounded wilh a handsome iron railing. Slotskirken, Cliapel Royal, adjoins Ihe Pa- lace of Christiansborg, lt is buill in a simple

but noble and chaste stylc and Ihc lovers of art wille here find gratifications in scvcral masterpicces of Tho r va l d s en and Ris sen. IlolniPiiskirkc, Holm or Island Church on the Ilolm-canal, was builL by Christian IV as a worship for the Navy. The portal is in Golhic style and the interior is, likc the cliurcb of Tri ni ty , ornamented with ricb carvings in oak. In the spacions great chapel repose the remains of Renrnark’s l\vo great Naval beroes, Niels Juni and To r d e n s k j o l d , each in a mngnificicnt sarcophagus. Garnisonskirke, Garison Church, on St. Anna’s 1‘lace is especially intended for Ihc use of the Military. In 38G1 it underwent a cora- plete rcsloration. In Ihc outside Wall are two mo- nurnents lo the memory of Ec k e r s b e r g and the animalpainter Lund, who fell while serving as a volunteer in his country’s cause in April 1848. l'Telserskirke, Church of our Saviour, built by Lambert von der Haven froin the design of the Architectgeneral Thura, in 1682—93 in Christianshavn, is a remarkable spcciinen of archilectural arl, most especially wilh regard to its singptilar spire. On the walls of the lower the four Evangelists are scen in figures largcr than life; above (bese is an octagonal gallery with a portal on every side, and from there

rises tlie Steeplc, 228 feet high, around the oulside of which a spiral stairease winds. Three hundred and ninety three steps lead from the chief entrance to the lop of the steeple, from which thero is a noble view. St. Joliaiincskirkc, Church of St. John The greal and rapid ineroase in the population of the suburbs has, within lale years, oeca- sioned a demand for a new place of worship for the inhahitants of the Eastern and Northern- fotihorgs. The necessary funds were eolleeled ehielly by private subscription, and the new ehurch was flnished and consecrated on the 25 of August 1861. IL stands in the niidsl of a free open place on the norlh-common, noble and interesting from the unpretending simplicily of ils style. The architect’s mame is Sørensen, lt is a cross-church of red bricks, seventy ells in length and eighty in breadth. The spire with the lowcr is seventy eight ells in lieight, and on cach side of the Nave is a chapel. The interior of the church is rendered imposing by the lofly vaulted roof and by ils noble decoralions. The arches rest on colossal columns and are spangled with golden stars on a heavenblue ground. The-great Nave extends to the oetagonal choir; the place of the organ is richly ornamented with gilding and the pul- pit is adorned with line carvings in wood.

Besides the above namcd cburches, that belong to «tlie sighls» of tbe metropolis, tberc are many other places of public worsbip, such as Va rl o u II o s pi ta l’s c hur c h in Løngangssi ræde; F r c der k’s c b urc b for the German congrcgation in Christianshavn; tbe cliureli of tbe Common - II os pi tal; Abel Cat hr i ne ’s eb u reb; the Garrison in the citadel, for tbe garrison llicre and tbe chapel of tbe prison and townball. Moreover the Frencb and German Reformers have a fine old church al the corner of Rosenborg- and Gothersgade. TheRoman Catholics have theirlaste- fully buill church of St. Ans gar i us in Bred­ gade and an annexchapel — St. Knuds — in Ny Kongensgade. In Revcrenlsgade thcre is a cha­ pel for Ihe Rus s i an Emb a s s y and in Storm­ gade one for the Engl i sh. The Met hodi s t s have crcctcd a handsomc Meetinghouse in 1865 in Rigensgade, and Ihe Bap t i s t s in 1867 a Ilouse of I’rayer called Cbrist’s chapel, wliile IheJews have built a beautiful S y n a g o g e in 1830—32 afler a design by Professor Ilelsch; and laslly the Congregalion of Brothers and the Episco- palians celebrate their divine service in a house in Stormgade. Among the eclesiastical buildings w'e must not omit to menlion the ruins of the nevcr- flnished 11 arniurkirke, fflarble Church, in Bred-

gade souietimes called Frederik’s Church. This slruction was comnienced in 1749 on a Iruly magnificicnl plan, bul, for wanl of tho neccs- sary funds, came lo a sland-slill boforo il was lmlf coniplelcd. Aflor slanding for ncarly a ccnlury as a picluresque ruin, il has lately bccn docidod that il is to bo pullod down, though il sooms nolhing has as yel boen doterinined on wilh rogard to Iho spacious placc on which il stands. The principal churchos aro opcn lo visitors out of church hours on applying lo tho church- sorvant or pcw-oponcr. Most of tho churchos of tho metropolis liave thoir own grave-yards bosido their walls; bul as lliese for sanilary roasons aro nol allowcd to bo usod any longer for burial, many fino and spacious «Church-yards» as tlioso cxlraniu- ral conictorios arc slillcalled, are oulsido tho eily- galos. Aniong tlioso Assi s l on s c church yard distinguishes ilsolf, nol only by tho grcat extent and beautiful laying out of ils grounds, bul also by the nunicrous slatoly and oven splendid tonibs erceted thcrc. The Anny and tho Navy have each thoir especial burial ground on Østerbro (Easl Bridge). Tho Jovvs have their on Nørrebro (North Bridge).

Royal Palaces. Christiansborg l'alace lies on Ihc north- weslorn side of Slotsholm (Castle-holm), on thc very same spol where Ihe castle of Axelhuus (Axelhouso) slood of old. Axelhousc, ealled afler ils founder, Ihe warlike Bishop Absalon (Axel Ilvide), was huill in 1168 as a defenee against the pirates, who Ihere infested the shores and harbours of Ihe Balhic. Thore are assuredly nol many slruelures in Europe that have undergone so many changes, for nearly every king who has reigned in Denmark from Erik IMough-penny to Chr i s t i an VIII has re- built and altered il. Wc will nol stop lo tell how olien il was demolished wholly or in part during Ihe war Willi the Ilanseatic league, but pass on lo the days of Chri st i an VI who rased the whole edifice lo the ground and built on ils site a new palacc on a most magnificient seale. Eight years, from 1732 to 1740, was the new structure in building, and cost more than two and half a millions of Higsdollars-eurrent. But although no skili, no thought, no lahour and no expenee was spared lo erect an ediliec (hat should endure for ages, before the close of that 'very same century il had dissapeared from tbc face of earlh. One single night, between the

2Glh and 27Ui of February 1784, was enough lo lay il in ashos. — Partly by voluntary con- tribulion and partly by funds sol apart for that purposo by government, means were furnished lo rcbuilt Ibe palaco and il was again crected in 1828 after Ihc plan of tbe great national architect Hansen. As it now stands, Ihc palaco compriscs many differcnt buildings connoctod with eacli otbor. On a lino with the facade extend hvo buildings ono northward, connocling Ibo palaco with tbc Cbapel ltoyal, Ihc olhcr soulh- ward connocling il with the ministerial offices. The inner palace-court is onclosod within a squarc formod by tbc hvo wings at righlang- lcs wilh the main body of the palaco and a really noble eolonnade which connccts tbc ex- tremo ends of llicse wings, and from the roof of this the lato lamcnlcd king has more than oncc adrossod thousand of his sulijccts assom- blcd in the outer yard. This outer palacc-yard is very spacious and has in the middlo a fine fountain, most useful in laying the dust in summer. This is the royal riding-ground and is onclosod in an am- phitheatre of regular buildings of uniform height, whichcontain ihc c o u r t - t h e a t r e , the r i d i n g - house, tho c o a c h h o u s e s , the royal s lab le s and tho royal bake h o u s e ; along Ihc inner front 2

of these, facing llie riding ground, runs a piazza, which terminales on caeli side in the gateway thal opens lo llie Marble bridge. The chicf front of the palace is adorncd willi basrelief by Thorvaldscn: Minerva and Pro- mclheus, Hercules and llebe, Jupiter and Ne­ mesis, Æsculapius and Hygæa, and in llie niches on eacli side of the principal enlrance are four colossal statues: Hercules, Minerva, Æsculapius and Nemesis; the firsl by Thorvaldsen himsclf llie others by Bissen from drawings of Thor­ valdsen. As imposing as is the architeclure and wasle size of the exlerior of llie palace, as slriking is the kingly magnificience of the inlerior. The «Hall of the Kni ghts« claims our nolice above all. One hundred and twenty fcet long, forty four feet high and fifty feet broad, il is indeed a splendid hall, worthy of ils namc. The gallery at eacli end, supported by Corin- thian columns does not, however, add to ils grandeur. The Th r on c - Rooms should be seen, if nol for ils own sake, for the sake of the four great pictures by Professor Eckersbcrg, representing scenes of Danish history. In the palace is the Council-Chambcr, .and also the aparlmcnts in which bolh the I)iets hold tlicir meetings. The Chamber of the Com-

mon-Dicl — Folkelhing — in the lefl wing, towards t.he riding-ground, is espicially very spacious. On llie upper lloor is llie Royal Gallery of pictures, about wliicli more anon. Pari of llie palace is approprialed lo Officcs for Ihe Privale Secrclary, llie Adjudanl-General, llie Privy-Treasurer, Ihe Masler of llie Horse, llie Iligh-Steward and so forth. The High Court-of-Appeal has also ils Sit- lings liere, every week-day from 9.lo 12 o’clock. The palace is open lo visitors every day, applicalion bcing lirsi made to llie keeper of llie palace, Mr. Zellner, Tøihusgaden Nr. 17. Rosenborg was buill by Chrislian IV from llie design of Inigo Jones in llie year 1604 and was intended for a pleasure-palace for llie Royal family when residing in Copenhagen. Wlien erecled it stood in llie counlry; but wi- tliin few ycars llie town had extended its pre- cincts so far lo the norlli east, that llie Rosen­ borg found ilself within llie city-walls. It is built in parlly Golliic style, like llie Palace of Frederiksborg, said likewise to bc planned and designed by Inigo Jones, lias a great tower to­ wards llie West, where Ihe garden lies; Uvo smaller lowers towards llie Easl, where the courtyard is, and a fourth, in which is the en- trance. liere llie Regalia of Renmark is kepl, bcsides many curious and valuable objecls of 2 *

thc monarchial times of great interest as illu­ strative of Denmark’s liistory. The palace can he scen every (lay, on applying to Mr. Lcssoc who resides there. The charge for a party, which may nurnber 12 persons, is 3r. The Kegaliare not shevved. Uharlottchorg, on Kongens Nytorv at thc corncr of Nyhavn (Newhavcn), was built in 1760 by Count Lllrik Gyldenløve, but was afterwards bought for a rcsidence for thc Queen Dowager, Charlotte Amalia, Christian the V widow. In the year 1774 Frederik V gave it lo thc Academy of Arts, founded by him, and in 1778 thc palace was granted to the university for a Bolanical Garden. The Palaces of Amalicborg, situated on Frederiksplace, arc four in numbers forming a regular oetagon, uniled on thc soulh side by a colonnade. The buildings were commenecd in 1750, and nnished almost at one time, by thc four noble families Mol tke, S c h a c k , Le- we t z auand Brockdorff . After Christiansborg was burnt down in 1791, these palaces were made the residence of the king and his courl, unlill thc dcath of Christian VIII in 1848. The First to the right after passing the colonnade, is now the residence of his present Majesly, whose former palace in Amaliegade is for thc present occupied by his royal Highness, thc

Crown-Prince. In Iho opposite palace to the left of the colonnadc aro the rooms of thc fo- reign offices, and liere arc also suits of aparl- menls appropriated to the usc of foreign Prin- ces; the third palace is the winler-residcnce of her Majesty the Queen Dowagcr Caroline Amalia, and the fourth, where the latc Land­ grave of Ilessen lived, is to bo the residencc of the Crown-Prince. Printlsens Palace, at the corner of Ny- Vestcrgade and Frederiksholms Canal, originally helongcd lo a rich merchant, Vigandt Mychel- beckcr, but was purchased by Frederik IV and served as residenec for Christian V and Frederik VI, wlien Cown Princcs. The palace has more lately been inhabited by many othcr princcs eonnectcd with the royal family, and has affor- ded appartments to many noble families, for whicli reason it used to bc called the «noble poorhouse*. It is now the properly of the State and contains the Ethnographic Museum and the far famed collection of Northern Antiquitics.

Government and Municipal Buildings.

Cancclihygiiiiigcriie, The Cliancerybiiildings, containing the Offlces of thc Army and the

Navy, the Ecclesiastical Department and the Dc- partments of llie Treasury and the Interior, lies oppositc the exchange and consist of a main- building, erected by Frederik IV, whose bust in marble may be seen on the frontispiece, and of three olher buddings onee belonging to the noble family of Lerches, sincc purchased by the State. The entrance lo the different mini- sterial offices is from a corridor on the prin­ cipal ftoor that runs through the entirc building. The Chancery-bulding is also by a corridor connccted with Christiansborg Palace and in that wing nearest the palace the Privy Archivcs of the Kingdom are kept in firc-proof vaults as is likewisc the chicf-cotTcr of the Exchequer. In the annexed building behind the Exhange is the Royal I n s ur anc e Office and theSt amp- Office. Raad- og Domhuset, The Town-Hall and Court-house, was erectcd by order of Christian VII from the plan of Hansen. The foundalion- slone was laid by the Crown Prince Frederik, afterwards Frederik VI, the 28th of September 1805 and the building was nol finished until 1815. The chief front is towards the Markct- place and consisls of a flue colonnade from wliich a few steps lead lo a great vestibule. On the frontispiece stand the well known words willi wliich the code of Jutland law of Valdemar

II begins «INIcd Lo \ skal man Land bygge« — «With Law mus t tbe Land be built«. The Town-hall contains many diflcrent of- fices apperlaining to municipal justiee: IheMu- n i c ip a 1Co u n c i 1-Ch amb e r ; t h e P o l i c e a n d Crimi nal -Court s, the Passport-Offl ce and thc Office of the No t a r y - Pub l i c . The Lock- u p - h o u s e and Ar r e s t - h o u s e or prison arc in an adjoining building in Hcstemollestræde and in thal building arc scperate rooms for debtors. Horson, The Eichange, stands on Slotsholm between two branches of the clianal and is one of the many buddings which the Capital owcs to Christian IV. It was finished in three years afler the foundalion - slone was laid by Stcen- vinkel and is one of the finest monument of architecture of that day. The building is very long, and, in proportion, narrow. The two long facades are ornamenled with a vast number of figures cut in the sandstone that supports the cornices. Bolli cntranccs have richly ornamen­ ted portals of which that which opens on the palacc place is the more beautiful and consisls of four Etruscan pillars of Italian marble. To this cntrancc you ascend an inclinedplan plan- led with spreading trees with a bulwark of sandstone on cach side. The roof of the buil­ ding is surmounted by a most remarkable spire formed of four dragons, their crocodile-like

snouts pointing to tho four cardinal-poinls and thcir tails intertwisting with beauliful regularity unlil they laper away up lo a point. The buil- ding was bought by tbe Society of Mercliants in 1856 whcn il underwent a thorough rcsto- ration and llie interior great iniprovements. The hall in which llie merchants assemble is very spacious, and it contains an au c t ion ro om, ro oms for tbe S o c i e t y o f Me r c han t s , for ma r i t i me - a s s u r a n c e , for i n s u r a n c c for goods andfurniturc and for thc Pri vat e - Bank. The ground floor is vaulted and thc vaults arc ocu- pied by retail dealers in dry and saltcd goods. Acor- ridor connects from the Exchange into tbe Bank. The Bank is a massive ediflce of stone on llie Southern side of the Exchange erected lo- wards the end of thc last ccntury. The gold and silver is kept in fireproof vaults. A magni- flcent ncw building for the National-Bank is now building on the Gammelholm’s present ground. The offices of thc National-Bank arc open every week day from 10— 2. The Hint is in Nyhavn and coining is liere effeeted by steain. Open every week day from 11—3. Nikolaitaarn, The Tower of St. Nicolas, is all that now remairis of Nicolas Church burnt down in 1795. This is thc fire-brigades cliief station from and to which telegraphic wires ex-

tend to all thc other stations, viz: tho fire-bri- gade’s depot in Christianshavn, tho, Major’s pri­ vate house and so forth. Means of giving alarm in case of fire are also eslablished in Ølunds Mili on Nørrebro, at the cireus in Frederiksberg and at the Triangle and Østerbro. Slngtcrboderne, The Shuinbles, rebuilt of cast iron in 1846, surround the tower and are re­ markable for their practical arrangement. Their number is seventy eight, and besides these there are abont forty on Graabrodrctorv (Grey Friar Market). Sonic booths for thc sale of vcgctablc are also established at the fool of thc tower. Toldboden, The Custom house , situated on thc northern extremity of the entrance to the harbour, appears advantageously w'hen compared wilh what it was formerly. The landing- piacc is of hewn stonc, handsome and practical; tho ciislom-house itself is ornamented wilh a co- lonnadc and around il arc now pretty pavillions and coffechouscs. The chief offices of the cu- stoms wilh their warehouses, built parlly during tho reign of Christian thc VI and Frederik VI, lie oppositc Nyholm (New-holm) and occupy a considcrable spacc. A seperate building for goods in bond was also built liere in 1851. Business is transacted al the custom-house in thc first secretary Office, the warehousc of

fice and the Office of the inspcctor of customs from April to September from 7 to 5; in the monllis of March, October and November from 8 to 4, and from December to February from 9 to 3. In the 2nd secretary’s Office, the weighingboolh and llie bonded depot, buisness is transacted from April to September from 7 to 3 V 2 , in March, Octobcr and November from 8 to 3, and from December lo February from 9 to 3. In the harbour office buisness is done from April to September from 6 lo 7, in March and from the lth of October to 15th of No­ vember from 7 to 5 , and from the 16th of November to February from 8 to 9; but they are closed all the year round every noon day from 12 to 1. A change, however, will soon take place, so that. the offices will be open all day. The following is the method pursued in pas- sing goods through the custom-house. The Letter of Freight or Bill of Lading is tlrst of all presented at the warhouse-office, then at the warehouse, where the goods are deposited on their arrival, thereafter at the chief custoinhousc- building, and llien at the second-office of the customs, where the dues are lo be paid. Willi the receipt for these dues inhand application is llien made to the cashier, and the goods aro delivered,

Postgaarilen, The Post-Office, stands in store Kjobmagergade at the corner of store Ilcllig- gcistesslræde, where the celebrated Danish states- man, Griflenfeldt, had his dwelling. Il was pur­ ehased in 1780 for the Postmaster-General’s- oftlce, whieh, before that time, had been in Counl Lerche’s liouse behind the cxchange. In the gateway to the right is the entrance to the Ge- nCral-Lclter-oftlce, where letters can be posted all day. Within the outercourtyard to the lefl is the entrance lo the Parcel-Office and furlher on to the riglit is the Foot-post or Town-deli- vering-offlee. Scientific Institutions. As Univcrsity-eity for ttie capital of Pen­ mark, Copenhagen contains many scientific in­ stitutions and llicir respective buildings. Of sucli wc will cspecially nolicc. Universitetet , The University, situated im- mediately to the norlh of the church of our Lady, and built in 1831— 36 from the design of the slatc-architcct Malling on the spot on whieh the «Studiegaard» formerly stood, until burnt down in the bombardmenl of 1807. The budding is of a chaste and noble architecture. The facade towards the church of our Lady

is 220 fcct in length arid divided in three prin­ cipal parts, of which the central part contains the cliief cntrance and vestibule, while the tvvo sides parts contain the lecture-roonis. Over the portal of the main entrance is the flgure of an eagle gazing upward with this inscription: «Coe- lestcm adspexil lucern« (it looks on the hea- venly light). On each side of the main facade is a carriage entrance. From the main cri- trancc you come inlo a corridor thal leads to the different lccturc-rooms, and right in front of the entrance is the spacious vestibule adorn- ed with fresco paintings by Constantin Ilansen and Ililker, and with two statues of bissen re- presenting Minerva and Apolio. This opens on, or rather conducts lo, the «Hall of Solemnily«, answering to the senate-house of the English colleges, a lofly hall, almost a regular sqare, rising through the whole height of the budding and surrounded with a gallery. On the second lloor to which stairs on botli sides lead, there are also lccture rooms. Imediately adjoning the universily buddings and connected with it is the consistorium, an unsightly budding enougli, once the palace of the bishop of Roeskildc, that has stood unhar- ined amid all the tlres that have so often dc- vasted the city and oven the bombardment that destroyed so many a noble edifice. The aca-

demical sonate hold their meetings liere in a hall adorned with the bursts and porlraits of the benefactors and patrons of the university. The western part of the university buildings is called the communy building. It faces Nørre­ gade and Krystalgade, and was formerly a free- dvelling for poor students; il is now the resi- dence of two professors and the bcadle and conlains the university colleclion of malerials and Ihe arehives. Det chirurgiske Acndcnii, The Surgical Aca- demy in Bredgade Nr. 46 consists of two buil­ dings, an cider and a new that was built a few ycars ago. In this latter and newer buil­ ding lliere are the dissection room for the stu­ dents and several studying rooms for Ihe pro­ fessors and the more proficicnt. In the elder building is the l'hysiological Laboratorium in two divisions, one for physical and one for Chemical I’hysiology. The building contains moreover spacious rooms for making ditferent sorts of apparatus, for kceping living animals lo be experimented on, for instruments, Che­ mical matcrials and so likc. On the first floor is a great hall intended for an auditorium, ca- pable of containing more than one hundred students. There is hesides an apartmerit for microscopic and oplical experiments, and tinally some rooms containing a systematically aran-

ged collection of skelclons and preparations illustrative of Ihc science of comparalivc - ana- lomy. Det chemiskc Laboratorium (the Chemical Laboratory) of the university lias since 1859 gol ils own building in Ny Vestergade Nr. 11, after the design of Nebelong. The laboratory ilself is in tlic middle and side - buddings and affords a roomy workplace for more than forly students. The direclor and Ibe assistents reside in tbe front building. Det zoologiske Hluseum (The zoological illuseum) of tbe universily bas now at last found a home worlhy of it in Ibe ncwly con- slructed edifice in Krystalgade immidialcly abut- ling on tbe university. It is built from Ibe plan and design of Professor Christian Hansen and consisls of four conjoining wings, thai in- closc a spacc, 80 feel in length, and 34 feel in brcadlb, tbe wbolc covered with a glass roof. In Ibis hall tbe greal skelclons are arranged on pcdeslals. In the otber rooms that are in tbe three slories tbe smaller zoological spcci- mens are arranged, partly uncovercd, partly under glass cases. The lighl fails on tlicse chiefly from the glass roof of Ibe hall. Iivery class bas ils own rooms in the servcral floors. There are moreover rooms in the building for tbe practical work of preparing specimens for

Ihe museum and Ihe like, and bcsidcs a litlle scienlific library. Finally there are two spa- cious apartments intended for leeture - rooms for Ihe zoologic.al students, and in Ihe cellar places and conveniencies for the ruder work of science, for example, for Ihe boiling down of dead anials to oblain tbeir skelelons, and so forlb. Unto Ibis day — April 1868 — Ihe mu­ seum is not open, Ihe zoological Ircasurcs il contains not being yet arranged; bul Ibis will most undoublcdly soon be the case, and Co- penhagen will then possess a museum that il may bc juslly proud of. It is intended that it shall be open to the public certain days of the week. Den polytechniske Læreanstalt; The Poly- tecknic Schoul; established in two bouses, for­ merly the residencc of two professors, in St. Pederstræde Nr. 13, entrance in Studiistræde, was founded in 1829 by Frederik VI. The house consisls of two slories whereof the ground-tloor is used as onc of the Chemical Laboratories during leetures as well for work- place. On the upper tloor is the great lcclurc- room that contains 250 hearers. On the same tloor is the great lool and inslrumcnl-room (Ap- paratsal — apparatus room). There is besides in an other part of the budding a library and

serveral laboratories. The inslitulion whosc design it is to propagate practical and thcore- lical knowledge of mathemalics, cliemistry and pliysic, is open lo all classcs and lias annexed to it an inslitulion for workers in metal. Det astronomiske Observatorium, The Astro- nomical Observatory, has now, after having for hvo hundred years hcen estahlished on Ihe top of the round lower, at last gol a budding of its own, on Rosenborg bastion on the ramparts. The main body of tiie structure has a cupola- formcd lower in wliich the observatory itself is; on eaeli side are apartments for llie rcsi- dence of the professor of Aslronomy and for the observor, and in a wing lowards the soulh is a library. Among the astronomical instru­ ments is a Rcfraclor, that is one of the largest in Europe. Den kgl. Veterinær- og Lanilhoboiskolcj The Royal Veterinary College and High School of llusbamlry, on Bylowsroad of gi. Kongevei was opencd the 24th of August 1858, when the veterinary school in Christianshavn was closed. The design of this school is lo educale veleri- nary surgeons, farmers and landinspectors, and to disseminate practical and theorctical know­ ledge regarding every branch of husbandry. The budding, from a design of professor Bin- desboll has a very altractivc exlerior, bul

is very roomy and spacious and conlains besi- des spacious slablcs, a riding-housc, a riding- ground, assembly rooms, a library, rooms for an important museum appertaining to llie dif- ferent knowledge there taught, and a residence for llie rector and two of the teachers. The institution is calculated for from 2 to 3000 students. Among ollier Scientiflc institutions that parlly are connectcd with the university and partly are independent of il, we will not ondt to men- tion the Phy si olo g ie al Zoo tom i c Museum founded in 1841 on Mr. Eschricht’s valuable colleclion of skclelons, chielly whales, now in the cellars of the university budding under the great hall. Nor do wc l'orget the B o l a n i c - G a r d c n at Charlolteborg, in which there are more than 10,000 plant s, nor the Nat ur a l - h i s l o - r i c a l Mu s e um wliich count Moltkc presented to the university and which is now to be found in the communily-building. Many important foundations, legacies and stipends for the supports of students belong to the University. Among such we will men- tion: The Coniniiiuity and Regents - Benefice, Avhich now consisls partly in weekly stipends, partly in frec lodging in llie Rcgcnls-building;

Ihe weekly stipends l>cing a more modem itnprovemenl on support, that of old used to hc grantcd in Ihe shapc of daily meals. The huilding devoted to this noble end, is a large old gloomy-looking house in Store Kjøbmager- gade, direetly opposite the round lower, built by Christian IV in 1623. Il Avas partly burnt doAvn in (hc great fire of 1728, butwas rebuilt and improved so that it noAv affords ‘ free lodging to 100 students and a rcsidcnce for Ihe dean. Small stipends are attached to some of these free places. The huilding con- lains a very respcctablc library and a reading- room. WalkemlorlPs Kollege in St. Peterstræde affords free loding to sixteen students. It was founded in the ycar 1595 by the controllcr- of-the Household, Wal kendorf f . llorck's College was founded in the year 1689 by the celebrale O le Bo r c h in his oavii house in Kannikestræde. It has been burnt doAvn scvcral limes, and rebuilt last in 1824; it affords free lodging to 16 students. Ehler’s College, also in Kannikestræde oppo- sile the Regents-college, Avas founded 1691 by the counccllor of stale Jørgen Eli ler s. In this college 24 students have free lodgings whereof sexteen enjoy stipendiums.

Copenhagen is in poscssion of several public Libraries of great inlcrcst and value. The most important of thesc is tlic Royal Library, whose magnitude and intrinsic wealth in rare and valuable books and manuscripts entille il lo rank among Ihc firsl in Europe. 11 is containcd in a fine spacious suile of aparlments in Christiansborg Palace, with a rcading-room adjoining. More than 400,000 volumes and 500 manuscripts, arranged with an order, the practical Utility of whicli is really admirablc, are hore collected. This library was founded by Frederik III in 1662—64 and has since been augmented from lime to time by the acquisition by purchasc of diffe- rent collcclions of valuable books and manu­ scripts, such as the library of IIj e l m s t j e r n e - I l o s e n k r o n c and the collcction of manuscripts and prinled works once belonging to S u hm and Tb o tt. The magnitude wbich this library bas at- lained, besides other circumslanccs, demanded an extention of room for the collcction, and several additional rooms on the groundfloor have consequently been taken in usc. Books are lent aut every week-day from 11— 3 at whicli time the rcading-room is open. Unirersitctsliibliothckct, The Lniversity Library, has a budding for ilself situate at the

corner of Krystalgade and lille Fiolstrædo: one of Ihe most beautiful structurcs in the Capital. It, was erected from the plan of Professor lier- holdt, and eonsists of hvo diiTercnl parts, the l e s s , nearest Frueplads , being 60 feet in length and 30 in breadth and containing the stair-case of the arehieves, and Ihe greater nearest Krystalgade, 226 feet in length and 53 feet in breadth containing the great hall of the library, the reading-rooms and the lending-out Office. The slylc of this really bcatiful bud­ ding is chaste and noble. The cxlerior Avalls are brickwork, red with black and ycllow orna­ ments, and projecting pillars at the lop. The great hall is indeed magniflcient; it is 134 fect in length with scxleen Windows on eacli side, the midie aisle is roofed with an arche of iron borne up by tall siender iron columns. The interior ornaments are in Pompeian style. The book-cascs are in niches, divided into hvo slorics. Above Ihe reading-rooms and the offiee-rooms is a large saloon, intended at present for an auditorium, but wliich can be addcd to the library wlien required. The Uni- vcrsity Library contains more than 150,000 printed works and inanuscripts, among the last many most rare and valuable in Sanscril, Ilin- doo, Pali and Zend, and Icclandie — treasures of lilerature that Danmark owes lo Professor

Arne Magnusen, to Rask and Moller. A most important augmentalion has taken place lately in the library by the C l a s s c n - L i b r a r y being United willi it, or, rather annexed to it, as seperale division of the wholc. This division consists of about 35,000 volumes for the most part Mathematics, Natural-history, Physics, Tecnical works and Voyages and Travels, and is ycarly augmented from a fund bequeathed hy I Classen for that purpose. The rcading- room is open from 10—2 , at which lime book are lent out. Both lo the royal and to the university library printers are obliged to deliver copics of all the hooks and papers printed at tlieir prin- ting offlees. Resides these public libraries in the Capital we may notice the Royal Pr i v y - St at e Paper Ar c h i e v e s , kept in a budding between the Chancery-buildings and the Royal Library. Permission to visit it musl be obtained from the Minister for Education. Besides the ahove mentioned libraries the dinerent scicntiflc socicties liave tlieir ovvn col- lcction of books. Gopenhagen has moreover several rcading rooms of which the most deserving of notice is the At h e næum, established in 1825, having ils extensive aparlinenls in No. 24

r

Østergade. This reading-elub keeps all llie national and all the principal foreign papers and pcriodicals, and purchases the newest works in all European languages; these, after being three montli in the rcading-room, arc transferred lo the library, which already con- sists of 60,000 volumes. The inembers of this club amount to 700. Besides the reading- rooms, tlierc are convcrsation-rooms and a confcctioners. Evcry raember can introduce a siranger for eight days, after which period, if he desire lo conlinuc his visits, he can take a montldy lliicket for onc Dollar. S t ude n t e r f o r e n i ng e n , Thc S t ude n t ’s- Uni on, may he also regarded as a reading society, although ils chief aiin is to connect a firm and enduring bond of union among students of all classes by llie aid of conver- sation, amusing and scientific meetings and festive assemblies. The mumber of mernbers vary between 500 and 700. The library con- sists of about 17,000 volumes and the club has its own liouse, a handsome and appro- priate building, erectcd by voluntary subscrip- lions on a good situation on the Gammelholm.

Military and Naval Establish­ ments. being tlic principal forlrcss of the Kingdorn, the chicf garrison of the Army and the most imporlant harhour of the Flect, Copenhagen ncccssarly contains a very considerahle num- hcr of buildings, depots and arsenals helonging to the war-deparlment. The Bar r acks are ten in number, five of which are for infanlry, namely: one at the cor- ner of Sølvgade and Øslervold, one in Kron- prindsessegade, one in Christianshavn, the Bar­ racks of the Foot-Guards on the north-ram- part at the corner of Golhersgade , the Bar­ racks of the IIorse-Guards, now occupied by a sqadron of Ilusar-Guards, on Frederiksholms- canal, and another for Husars on Toldbod- vcicn; the Artillery Barracks in Christianshavn. The Main Guard-IIouse is on Kongens Nytorv affording rooms for soldiers and officers under arrest. The Military Arsenal, called the Tøihuus, is on the south side of Christiansborg palace. Il was built in 1604, and is a serious-looking solid edifice, well adopted to its purpose, and contains arms for almosl the wliole army. The arms are arranged in beautiful order and